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''Oliver Twist'', or ''The Parish Boy's Progress'', is the second novel by Charles Dickens, and was first published as a serial 1837–9. The story is of the orphan Oliver Twist, who starts his life in a workhouse and is then sold into an apprenticeship with an undertaker. He escapes from there and travels to London where he meets the Artful Dodger, a member of a gang of juvenile pickpockets, which is led by the elderly criminal Fagin. ''Oliver Twist'' is notable for Dickens's unromantic portrayal of criminals and their sordid lives, as well as exposing the cruel treatment of the many orphans in London in the mid–nineteenth century.〔Donovan, Frank. ''The Children of Charles Dickens.'' London: Leslie Frewin, 1968, pp. 61–62.〕 The alternate title, ''The Parish Boy's Progress'', alludes to Bunyan's ''The Pilgrim's Progress'', as well as the 18th-century caricature series by William Hogarth, ''A Rake's Progress'' and ''A Harlot's Progress''.〔Dunn, Richard J.. ''Oliver Twist: Whole Heart and Soul'' (Twayne's Masterwork Series No. 118). New York: Macmillan, p. 37.〕 An early example of the social novel, Dickens satirizes the hypocrisies of his time, including child labour, the recruitment of children as criminals, and the presence of street children. The novel may have been inspired by the story of Robert Blincoe, an orphan whose account of working as a child labourer in a cotton mill was widely read in the 1830s. It is likely that Dickens's own youthful experiences contributed as well. ''Oliver Twist'' has been the subject of numerous adaptations, for various media, including a highly successful musical play, ''Oliver!'', and the multiple Academy Award-winning 1968 motion picture. ==Publications== The novel was originally published in monthly instalments in the Magazine '' Bentley's Miscellany '' from February 1837 to April 1839. It was originally intended to form part of Dickens's serial, ''The Mudfog Papers''.〔Dickens, Charles. ''Oliver Twist, or, The Parish Boy's Progress'' Edited by Philip Horne. Penguin Classics, 2003, p. 486. ISBN 0-14-143974-2.〕〔''Bentley's Miscellany'', 1837.〕 It did not appear again as a monthly serial until 1847. George Cruikshank provided one steel etching per month to illustrate each instalment.〔Schlicke, Paul (Editor). ''Oxford Reader's Companion to Dickens''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999, p. 141.〕 The first novelisation appeared six months before the initial serialisation was completed. It was published in three volumes by Richard Bentley, the owner of ''Bentley's Miscellany'', under the author's pseudonym, "Boz", and included 24 steel-engraved plates by Cruikshank. The first edition was titled: ''Oliver Twist, or, The Parish Boy's Progress''. Serial publication dates:〔(Masterpiece Theater on PBS.org )〕 * I – February 1837 (chapters 1–2) * II – March 1837 (chapters 3–4) * III – April 1837 (chapters 5–6) * IV – May 1837 (chapters 7–8) * V – July 1837 (chapters 9-11) * VI – August 1837 (chapters 12–13) * VII – September 1837 (chapters 14–15) * VIII – November 1837 (chapters 16–17) * IX – December 1837 (chapters 18–19) * X – January 1838 (chapters 20–22) * XI – February 1838 (chapters 23–25) * XII – March 1838 (chapters 26–27) * XIII – April 1838 (chapters 28–30) * XIV – May 1838 (chapters 31–32) * XV – June 1838 (chapters 33–34) * XVI – July 1838 (chapters 35–37) * XVII – August 1838 (chapters 38-part of 39) * XVIII – October 1838 (conclusion of chapter 39–41) * XIX – November 1838 (chapters 42–43) * XX – December 1838 (chapters 44–46) * XXI – January 1839 (chapters 47–49) * XXII – February 1839 (chapter 50) * XXIII – March 1839 (chapter 51) * XXIV – April 1839 (chapters 52–53) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Oliver Twist」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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